Dental Development Anamolies

Hyperdontia - males 2x, 90% maxilla
                       Apert's -

     

                      Cleidocranial Dysplasia -

Hypodontia - frequency 8's > lower 5's > upper 2's > upper 5's

Gum Disease

Tooth Decay

FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENT TABLE

Chronology of Human Dentition

  

Dental Tooth Stain Colors

TOOTH Stains

BROWN
• porphyria - porphyrin
• tetracyclines

GREEN
• bile duct defects
• Bacillus pyocaneus, Aspergillis

GRAY
• neonatal hepatitis - bilirubin
• anemias - hemosiderin
• dental trauma

BLUE
• Rh incompatibility (erythroblastosis, fetalis) - bilirubin, biliverdin

ORANGE
• chromogenic bacteria, poor OH, more easily removed than green

AAPD Brochures

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY CARIES-RISK ASSESSMENT

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY CARIES-RISK ASSESSMENT*
RISK FACTORS TO CONSIDER (For each item below, circle the most accurate response found to the right under “Risk Indicators”.)	RISK INDICATORS
	HIGH	MODERATE	LOW
Part 1 – History (determined by interviewing the parent/primary caregiver)
Child has special health care needs	Yes		No
Child has condition that impairs salivary flow/composition	Yes		No
Child’s use of dental home	None	Irregular	Regular
Time lapsed since child’s last cavity	<12 font="" nbsp="">	12 to 24 months	24 months
Child wears braces or orthodontic/oral appliances	Yes		No
Child’s mother has active decay present	Yes		No
Socioeconomic status of child’s caregiver	Low	Mid-level	High
Frequency of exposure to between meal sugars/cariogenic foods (include ad lib use of bottle/sippy cup containing juice or carbonated beverage)	3	1 to 2	Mealtime only
Child’s exposure to fluoride	Does not use fluoridated toothpaste; drinking water is not fluoridated; not taking fluoride supplement	Uses fluoridated toothpaste; usually does not drink fluoridated water and does not take fluoride supplement	Uses fluoridated toothpaste; drinks fluoridated water or takes fluoride supplement
Part 2 – Clinical evaluation (determined by examining the child’s mouth)
Visible plaque on anterior teeth	Present		Absent
Gingivitis		Present	Absent

  

Areas of demineralization (white spot lesions)	More than 1	1	None
Enamel characteristics; hypoplasia, defects, retentive pits/fissures	Present		Absent
Part 3 – Supplemental assessment (Optional)
Radiographic enamel caries	Present		Absent
Levels of mutans streptococci	High	Moderate	Low

ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE from the AAPD

In dental anticipatory guidance, parents are given counseling in infant oral hygiene, home and office-based fluoride therapies, dietary counseling, and information relative to oral habits and dental injury prevention.

ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE: SUGGESTED CONTENT GUIDE – BIRTH TO THREE YEARS
Topic	6-12 months	12-24 months	24-36 months
Dental and oral development	milestones patterns of eruption environmental and genetic influences teething infant oral cavity	• occlusion • spacing issues • speech and teeth  • tooth calcification	last primary tooth erupted exfoliation future orthodontic needs radiographs
Fluoride supplementation	F mechanisms sources of F choice of F vehicles F and vitamins toxicity issues/ storage formula and F	• F dentifrice use • F in food sources  • avoiding excessive ingestion	• F use revisited at every interval • daily access
Non-nutritive habits	• pacifier use and types/safety • mouthing/oral stimulators	• digit habit issues • effect on occlusion	• revisit habit issues

Injury prevention	signs of trauma child abuse oral signs emergency access instructions implications for permanent teeth car seats	daycare instructions electric cord safety replantation warning Re: primary teeth child proofing	• helmet safety  • seat belts • safety network
Diet	nutrition and dental health bottle use and weaning sippy-cup use and content breast feeding caries process	role of carbohydrates (juice) exposures retention of food review caries process revisit sippy-cup issues	snacks frequency issues review caries process role of carbohydrates (juice) exposures revisit sippy-cup issues
Oral hygiene	oral as part of general hygiene acquisition of S. mutans positioning baby for oral hygiene special techniques	• child participation           • dentifrice use          • Fl dentifrice for            high risk	electric brushes/ toddler techniques use of floss continued parental participation